ĐĎॹá>ţ˙ „ţ˙˙˙ţ˙˙˙‚ƒ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙nđe$˜Ę#^"Şh(¤rŽݛ˙‰PNG  IHDRŒž×œPLTE€€€€€€€€€€€€ŔŔŔ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙3f™Ě˙3333f3™3Ě3˙ff3fff™fĚf˙™™3™f™™™Ě™˙ĚĚ3Ěf̙ĚĚĚ˙˙˙3˙f˙™˙Ě˙˙3333f3™3Ě3˙3333333f33™33Ě33˙3f3f33ff3f™3fĚ3f˙3™3™33™f3™™3™Ě3™˙3Ě3Ě33Ěf3̙3ĚĚ3Ě˙3˙3˙33˙f3˙™3˙Ě3˙˙ff3fff™fĚf˙f3f33f3ff3™f3Ěf3˙ffff3fffff™ffĚff˙f™f™3f™ff™™f™Ěf™˙fĚfĚ3fĚff̙fĚĚfĚ˙f˙f˙3f˙ff˙™f˙Ěf˙˙™™3™f™™™Ě™˙™3™33™3f™3™™3̙3˙™f™f3™ff™f™™f̙f˙™™™™3™™f™™™™™Ě™™˙™Ě™Ě3™Ěf™Ě™™Ě̙Ě˙™˙™˙3™˙f™˙™™˙̙˙˙ĚĚ3Ěf̙ĚĚĚ˙Ě3Ě33Ě3fĚ3™Ě3ĚĚ3˙ĚfĚf3ĚffĚf™ĚfĚĚf˙̙̙3̙f̙™Ě™Ě̙˙ĚĚĚĚ3ĚĚfĚ̙ĚĚĚĚĚ˙Ě˙Ě˙3Ě˙fĚ˙™Ě˙ĚĚ˙˙˙˙3˙f˙™˙Ě˙˙˙3˙33˙3f˙3™˙3Ě˙3˙˙f˙f3˙ff˙f™˙fĚ˙f˙˙™˙™3˙™f˙™™˙™Ě˙™˙˙Ě˙Ě3˙Ěf˙̙˙ĚĚ˙Ě˙˙˙˙˙3˙˙f˙˙™˙˙Ě˙˙˙Db°PtRNS˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙%­™bbKGDˆH cmPPJCmp0712Hsź ÍIDATx^­œ={ŰH’Çç㏜‚i$Łp“śąéč>Â:pÁĐхvb?“˜ ŽÜŕäLNäl=Áˆ Čf_6NöŹ„¸ßżş‚zˇŸ…_DęęzŻęj}×=újÇ#÷ž<ÄżűWşç[°ý6d5ÓŁí­áېˆŤ-öa|;2ó÷ŤIóUČÜ Ćcx߈ŻBć@˙2”ž™LH7žš9ť%>™-/&şŘ$n“(ˇ›ţ)”ˆőUT{42@mş­fi…VWť†ÉŰŽ-ăĘÚŁyRą„“F~Ľ=ŒĚőľéűUˇ-ƒkAŽkžÄˇ>o5yť\% ßČ&[)ĉ6deĄĽ×öđóYDŞŽË]FľŻ˝ŚĚ1°|Í[CŤÎ—SwÉ ŒO›,ÄÁĽżü4â$EF4ĐŹüt˙ V[Ÿ•ĺŞk/Ý_$<íźœ…‚uy¨ŒRßr=`o~źTÔ>\nťK_–Ůs$Ćşk7Ąôe0­Ęrfü„ĚUˇ9ČĽLžcšđĂtVví*+…Ě:Vŕú<č+¨4͕i]şĽâ7šIáśÝžƒÖžô]Űĺa# ŚmˇČCXnŰPÎ|¨ĹÙŻşŤmŰ:”*jwťĆ@äş˙ş‹2Śś°żmąäç:›–ĐąY@r]Č~pív•gůcƒe„*CŔęńş—H°ř6ʌp— Bk@•š>Ł…/ł']{UVa&Ń-CΌ‹,”ůŞm/ŠŒ!ݕ+ý:Ś­.¤H?çm”‰/ŕQᝌ}VfálÂ)“ŹsdG#7šąA’H´O 霛fšYM™ç%ň>ĤűU›ecŔŕüuŚ‰äcÝ]ľđʗyse6É]‡r)Únƒh@Á#‘n?EžĹ"Ązˇ6I–ůœš™Í—߃Ă:"›ÂĘÍ/=G`ăĺ5˛…Ëwł< ęp´ôsh&˝ŰĐş‰ĚŽœWÝ: Y-ł OćČ´Y`Śšë'#ż\1S]ÉÎxęŚĺéşđŮl†ČƒÝòwRĆpj]|8Á•y­u%LCť†Ń-EßNşX–ĐΗ ­Îcć.dvÔ\AčŠ_ă‚rɉDTó#JQġˆKIř`ߞb‰0ÎáhłŚŮŹôFÁZ7śˇ“ęvŁ§÷6LĐâÝł0k۫蒣Ĺ`Ń^¤o›_řşqŕŰv_0UéĚ5ŁK[7CíŁň;ÉsŻÔܡڒ̼\IQ$‡EE}=I[Ĺ5šĂ˃ˆ\Ŕg&eu0-/ş6~ĹĂ:¸ë]#oNäůĘ؂mÖy(–íĽ`eŔ\îěA^˝[z˙ łŸz¤şŰ AÁě>žÓŻŻś ‡”ÁĎŚişú ĚD.Cśůr?FˇQƌ.ďć%QÜśu~Ő×@;đuť\l&9íN]™ĺr?5ňĺdĽ@Až ™íށ˛§??yˆ:7‘Ńĕ“ŞŽň§X™Ś[~ŒŘŁ$¸?˘…(ĚídžÁŽ$[⬙˘ŮnĘŤv[Tĺ ë ň奓ŕÜËŤ›Č˜ˆ…|*v-“Nś_${ídFĚrőěŽ<Žˆ]ć°cć| e€ľÝ^-đPDňYĽAžţ~żM ł6O]śâş/,Ťm‘ĺďńÎÄ(P4oN„A@“ńÜ\§>#FíÜ7‚_ˇ5źš)V™ŞHÁýë.ŁÇë~ĘÝü…Ôš n†\—2˝ë| Ů2آ°NžÜđ•ĺ!*ŽčŤ×ľo‰Dýԃč„O†ś7(÷ÎÔ÷(}wăV4kkĘĚńŽsň@3řÝó˘Ä€˜BHͲšœ.ĂV–S 5–>< Ť-楜g2BQ^é.WĐďœ[|SLŸ•‡üś3ËľÄ/=bŇ>‚Č/°eŰ-l[1Ą——Ďł6‚Cî&$ ’p—/ĄßúN,’ĆpşA‡›ČLňŮRĂ&ĺ4 ¨Ť ČČ– 餹Dw8Ź3Ź\ƒ:&K’9˘AâŻT] Ż‘YJ^áĂ'ZœápťRÝB™Ügô/çč°Ś_Ë)śŇ+‰`G˜—mťÉźô˜Á ěʉsc˛˝ĘËš'‰‰Y0/nťw8Ź ńFď#&w8…„Ěř)2žˇŐsYS& şSć§(=¤ŠJ_ŕ–QĽńě%Ţ+ĆŰíŞÁ%°ŘŹłíNź[U@‹|m{NîŠűnPFAoĺŒQ˝"ƉˆysŘPťgĐ\nŤ¸žl¤ˇ5┄Ąó~r…~eüˇ M2ä)Rç>×ŘHľŞ}ó–骙t>Č5h'_ŠŕąĄuL›ý `+Ůň3ů(ž‘5™‡#Ëk¢Ĺg† ‚@<uś ɔkŸeÜ*ö؟ۤ€ Ąpsaהsž(ô] ”b›ŞK›GHOÉTVŢhC!íś?řMD˘é~NXˇpošY’ÔÎýú˛mŹ`ƒŤ' (”“ 4lkźľ#ÜąúnؤcĘ/˙kágvŚ ‡„œO$lóّŒyd 2â(:đUdÜ.ŠCcŢľp+łĹ_ÚöżˆmšYž …€óé#Ž¸ëSF,ÄđĘJhš’ŔÚR)LeFĆƒšT}Jć‚:‰ ,ĂYUOXĽvŔrşŃnj™hĂëëeýÜÔă^6™žáŒ0ŔĐĐÚ_Źd1°nÂĐQ§]9bbh@6Cœ'䑥ңú"^LôX᯹Ýř%B{…Ő!¡Sçť1-ř9Ę Üôś¤u]oˆF0špŻ2Æ r!gÁŠ˜:Ł¨f’Áăř°2d˜Šń0G ďˆjöXëQö^ZôNôš…É;ÝŞ\e™XM~°†3rŢ5en0g Ëî´TŇO<꽂ldšjŠ,MJü% #ěkěÚ!ÓnŽŠ oy1RĆ.ĺƒÝĘ8ОâaüĽ´eEe"öF8ôÓÙĆnÄą)ȖB ^L Ěó BcţáŽkL™ÂŢűeLJ6͐˛ŒA!áŕ÷'pĺ砂Ä"°ŤćţĆ{ňî9֏Ŕ]¨”°ô2&°ýż=Ť7˘ŒL=Şäsx´íć“ÂŐ!-¤mš]-őV-xŠËą!NáuzxčIč¸ŇĂ’éĽÂe˜UşR"+s8sŤŤŒœŒFהź˜ůˇşEl4ĂR–9RœĐţˆŠŸ!`uşB4Ś3ů9u¤ÝšâuĚ]´k VşăöŘ!żDńçnńĘ RdNUľ6+Uąp,ˆÂ+×(‚*H#q7ŔŽć˙cQâ"`ń.ߪXm%ŚśŠjdp’“]qśů.ăk|ťBô˛a’°ö.Ö*VůIÓ=%¸nŤ9„ Ű_ň ŻŸ ĐVŚVVô3I„k7Őig̝Ůí¨űמjzRʛ-rÎľŻ0ä-iÓĄ'Rbplbî0“Š1í"éĚkՌtiXœ9*œŽůäšďj™š\˝‚Î8Ć`HÇËbŽňŒ ůL3ĄŹśí.ŮôܓÉ’6ŚKó[ˆą—_AîĘⳈŢ-מoZ9%[ţ@K\N\‰"9Ž™˙kÁrËiƊŔ…ҸQbi)ŁM•čƒ’ab™ô"ëă‚8tď2ƒOgmľ“^„§ÔîŽëĺ˛~f*Ů˙#댈™ľ¸PeSŤ<1~…/,BŚr–ŽUžĎż\Só<ŻU§ˆÁMąŮóM6d5VÇ´Mpd†yĄ ćr‹C *iŐziđvz#3•ŸSnŒs|œ„őzŮo…ipZž¤M'Hât[cŁˇY×IŽ0ré$Ř­ň@Ö˝żţ–gŠN;#6oţ‹üŰ$ixe&Ű÷ˑaś}VűŁD‚3 Óţœ;{3elH<řcufKQŠÜĂ}›ť,_*ŰżFîŔä?™ŕ9U„×ęSŚžŰ"@4MX’szŰţë˙BÄŐ$Łʑ™(0r[ú˙ż’?92^ŰUF†˜Đ鑺%˝ăç>÷ Ę4SUš"pPžśä#ŠČFą€—ŤĺEӑJţ€ U)öH‚|˘<ë€ÁŻ3GŘEąQÇ~Ú5Ň&˛>ŚŇDM<ŽËŻ´_˘/r•EË＠ŽAŐ Ť5ŕę‹ ˛âä´¸•ł#™kÄ>ĽžŁBŽ$)bmF Y|qŮ!Cmţˆő<ĽÚĽ ŃZ6Ë&żDÔ漚JŢËú¸ÂŕjLJxo¨.\šĆ¸pÔŹqCúsŐ5E8œQzěŃH3ŁýľÇ0dUŻ#ł™ŘĘ3ś œ)’Ś§V9+żĎĎČFDՔˇ—ŠOˇlÔR„ÁŔK}Ŕľ˛@™­Ż´ł'Qú3KqÇXf•=űéšxŇ˝›ś›ęmIeha‚"Ń[OĢ› Ř؎銒ź¸‘ÁHËNs–łĆ ÂŚ‰ţ)î4á_(í™0Wޘ¨şaië›$」p4˜óş^žš îŕŕmԞ“J˛mŠ~ť:–A úśȆŐ4A3ÎÚ[śö´F÷“îĐą‰Iĺ6űČÄe6żżĆń˜‰‰ƒ´s1 Ӝ…śosjJydJőBnÍřFĄz]O]žš§q=zK4Rpaô{NYĺ8 Çšó5#ՆâĽĎ)ű\⴯ӝÚ~MIš° q˜/“Ý>%ÔTÄ ýPwípÖßłnhŢ]XŚ$XöpĽ˝)űdTË]äMDhEşkĹň†úrÝkórăÂsR%Ó-ž•B+FOT†—°úŠĚuf𸐠5PmZJß{‘"$Š5Ý5ڝˆŐ䤜…—äjÇĺ2˝­ž””$ˇ™b$ĘRţR;ž9F?§>xjpłŒ’UŤCD$ąş˘ĚeëżĚ‡5KRgnĄ&L]7XS×bÉS×ČAŒ(ÓżŮţ˜Ž{^lC†yéŽrUeĂ] ţ<Ŕ”-$ŚöS$%\l7?ŠůjËĘFÔë-OSąy¨€Ÿ‹ŚY{˜Ü`ę? ĺ˛dŤ.ŇA€ľ9˘žŹgšßŘnł’ľXĺ(íş°Ž‚0_ƒ5믝E˝¨—‹ĺbA%Űj%î¨T+ĹXÇ݈ô˘ĺś´ăŞŁž͚łžýŤH푥sr×_˘ú7ě÷RkĘrbφ"%ße…wÔ čśÉËËšOk¤ŮiS˘iËžŒĆR=Ňţƒ,RkôDL2)dÎ>ţíO8(RszÖoŤŞŞŤőf“ź8É~01HÖÍ^ˆT¤3z˜™˛‰“ÍŐ¤ Ăhő„z˛ţ˛gRäą}7ěŁŢŘřëB˛ĂĂ>Ý Č#âT(˝Ÿ š­ČŹa\›Ą›–çŃ.ď ÂRöó:-ҍ}MŠČ\ĂVŘ÷a§­:ůÂhüGp"‰4v_dQ(¸ŕŘoWč­Áţń5šÄŻű”‰ďX&kעFîHˆ! ąĂL¤ł=÷ŇÓČŹűŻ[ŘÔcte‡R„Ĺ8M'ß]‰w÷Íš7~ŕ^¤gnEďć-#î˜áî‰ ĆÔź‡ńCÔ˝{ˆ$Ůť‡*Eć~F?„ęŒs?ž‰őŔ[­0j&ťé}Ůžťe%NŮ#ż Śqř:ž92:cŒ{u1Dx{FjßO_›ďşĚ`¤łW24ÚŠ‰/ČÄYj(ŰĄÇü´{EĆŻúŤ7ś6Ŕ^Đ}I_m­ˇ‚Ţ-lÄ&1"˛)"'éíJĘžÓbăădŘŇôFÄÄçqÚíŇ#@w}—ČöăÇżţxńńŸŸ?ţóăçż_|üőâţüúńógţ]üúůâógnrűóŻ˙źˆ#/>3â㯟?üČ÷˙űĚ3>ýńńâ~ňTĆ@ÝřřĎ?>˙qh ľZE˘LŰ˝|˙ęÍůËłWŻ^ż:ýžżŻ_žýţěüőËs>ž˝>{ó†˙Ď_˝9{Ĺó÷ü˙ňœ!çü|sţę\w_ž>}ĆűďߜŰĐł7ď_ďěĺ˝ ö1:ŒA€ß|:?;˙p~ţŰůďüřp~öáÓů'>ءO˜ţˇsţçîűOçv}úŔ°łóOď?ńé<>ϓóßŢÚ'>đ‡w4€Űˇ>ô×´éĺďççoi~ßkÁcF.nťçgLőżB_“óő\?œ˙!͏şóžeÝZŻžţřĹDĘ(C~˛}%,˜đ=Đ?|řMŻ˙/߁ĄiBkľ|Ód˙ ő w^M>i̇łH{02Źůx hbüja2Éý"âŹúČ=[!ŚEóó ÂŘŞ F÷ôąđ ÎG >öîí ™ĺÍç=ŢvP†?ż‰śż&˝Žu 7ťÇb…´­] %čh—0’˜™|Ž†/’p+hńüŐߣâ‹Mf^ýţ>-Dp7Ć'ˆTűD9És$–1Ć°e>a˘1‰]’%QĄ=É\$üuĐzm‡mú+ZýňýÔó ęř2ţ{Éőţő뗯řóňő˗çŻô˙Ë7/uGˇĎ¤ß\üԍ7<–iா oźŇ}ěĂ] _˝Zîi“\˜Lˇ‘Kí Éŕöś?ĄlŒYWó üGăm4ÄfůŁé7R'żĄ1éÁ­ yž ÓĄĚ.ÄŮĹŞ÷űý{Ÿ>2ÜxjÚdş§%  "Œ‡fęGßřyߋóÇDzwÍp÷×#˘ë߯AěŁ!óŔĐ;WűŻ}´i8~3î@쥘tŸó×Řôˆ—oŸv˙ĹŰŔÜ :=€?™ŒbŔ7ăő-ÜKvć&câ?Ş“ű˜ŠÓž/ď!ßŕé¤LŽÓĐT7@ďЎŻÜŽMVëGö ~_Ţ(™Ę7׉{‡čőÍ÷yű¨%`@†;` LťkŰMşúŰ#ćŚ'ZC$E7ŚK˘CÄd_ R^$0˙ŇćźÁŽITĘuz$ă:'oŔśjGóXXź°]–cúńđĄl[~ynŠcŢIŔ5î§ýź˘{ĎŃ8‰îéÉNÄĆ é7Že&=›œŞ {Ľ.ĄÚ7 ˆPŃűńtÚÚŔ\ÓÓ",­ŐŚ•Ć !|O{=Q1⎼aerœbąŞuPiĚи˜žˆfÍF=Pú›śí ‚€54+°1ßdž{/4Ö`˜Çý9kTłą€­‡ITvĺú*Lßé%§ZmIĐę?ĺ+ÍÄĆDŰέIbh™ ćŞ.cJş}H¤Äú`Śą÷˘ [@OŘ?}ËŚŐ~wAÉěą?áŘWÔ1 Őń>‰Ż'Ż šľ6ëé ĽˇŔ…ŠöÔŐĽs”îËYŐ=űž>éŽ2*“ĆŐô3Yš§Ždşő*ˇX-YEl*ă:ţ¤ó ęškéMŇv&/Óú-dŘšfc!!“~RŔć,ǟu€4kßĺóçDkşzŮ?ŕlϠłni6 `[…öú—ÓĎ5ôÔ}śäƅ;¤W׍ÖÂmS˛{Om¸âl˜6kĎ6_ËąŸœÁÎ Ŕ Čiăih˙'ds:łšE‘Y;˘ÔťW욱ÇaÝśŃyRą›3ž8‘5Ž\ho…mś’M†_$Îý$Y YľíBxfmnlHĚh°i˙bŮš!SžrŢşq|ŒĆ<ś@&Ů;ˆ¨M÷ďjÔřI§ŹŽŁô/ióą=ŚI𚦵Y•ÍŐ´˛aW…EH™r6>}‡ĺTBšĺœă”ăRű? Ş­’|öLűبĽČŻra4ÚéÝ”ţqQ™§ŹN‚ˇ,}}›&v×E‘ƒťűœŐĺŕëéqŠ.‡öĎ&ĐMvˆ(ńZ×üľ9 Ž:î]Őlý ž)*Ö3š“„fh™'ô@ÍL3ş˘WoĄcÎŽAIS2ăŃ` Ŕę\`–é‚Â4NĂ2íĆ°A-Úo7žxç쐍ŽŤŚÍ^đéK"´†‹2ě] îůŒŽŠĆMçőOęó˘íëdË}@Ҹ‰6°ŁQƒĺéDÇ׺Č.ŰSşĽVíi(ç/Ř;Ő~`.Jm/˝›­_ŘA-:đPŞڅzľéÁôFÍŠš‰#§Œ›…8K˙ąŽ˜č÷ĐëĹnˇ{ÁrEéňjËQÂ[3Öpé<.ÇĽaĽ˙φígÄE;xÜ@ŐńZłŒźöƒ§sˆž~e6­čbJÝžCŞňsĄÖŢd1mx.á+€6ęš>ŚŠś}îVbhuTĚŤKŐÔ§6áÂC,đĘüŹZú€ąŽnäĽÚhťË*”UĄ_h—ă—yˇ-hɜ=ß!ÓŤ„šÜ¸ÔÝ˙ś˝•âŤŘ?Ő;žŘ6°#ötbŠ×‚=Ĺ$O68ŕŘpČë7żŃ˜‘FEŻc/ śQ1 <í ŁG67ůTíxh_÷֚ŢçuíęĹĐcéYpa°ů`E“&˝ďç‰[,˝_ťaÇó˜ ˇ›ţî^ÚÚC&˝3ne1Áüěőf&tú ť=™‰:´o¤‰/íšLG錍ŘÇiXß ‡Öh”-rŘ8LĆd(JŻ—Ť“U˝€×Šöô b’8”˜7ÝžíčŽÉRŽ0ŒLÔJKŰ Ř°ÂáP'­œ´bä@°$Ň@Řëę K¨§¨:>KŚĘZŞzť"ľľ%'´˘ itŇÖ°?tâńŤn8 AčŠ×ĹŕŕYü\‡¸'Ż—p˛ăěéŃń':Ćäąq‡ôlŞ“™V2ŕ–VOpvď&$i ěJú˘4ǃp†6ľÎzľ+łÄžaÍi+ž´”ŇaJŔÄš`’;üLO˙œWűLUľB[%Pœ d)vú’&?âÜĽŽ–€é ńďhŻŢtGj{<Čőű ć`ô8ŽZĎ­ÝY˝Ś-}M 29e 3źĽR?/Öm9§­~M_$Wú]yŮĐcŐnéf›pŠ„‘~ľFcü sB]#™ńŕ…g„¸üšÖ:ÚĚ2Šu›šT”V„­ExœĘ /H3ږ~\ÂČ9Öi&5î­ 5ŽÂ‹ś9QŘýî/.ŇX3Ť8Čdwě6ě8ąđnE”?…LN‡ԒĎ*dž¸ƒÔ*śŰ;PĂq˝P*›TËěżÉC¸$¨jvčěÓg4ůŤĎú\ 3Œĺ/ą<‘IČh0욋<óţ)‚şĐٚŐ$šęšd ž´°ýaŁŇ ý>€­W˛Ż1›ôk$Ŕĺ개ę×v@00ÔO!ë|Ä!đ{Ľˆ€ˇĎÉp(SӄĺWüˇšŠ‹ j= Ä+*˙˝ô?!iv“_OŁŁ°Óľ?„dŇ8čg‰‘Ŕ(Uą>tîÂ,őję÷ qBQk& & _éô’žňƒHϑúA•;’Ű*o83čuć*düZŢX’Š…Ě—ďň@Ő!œ€…˙ČňwDÄ:ˇBď0ËLp@†´‚Ś¤]‰>ŇT5Ěsúy:Q¨Au‹üżpœł•DŇ{”Ď跥뒘YMž$}H%š’ßrőŽcc—%9›V ĺ)4ń(͑Ű5é膔H˝ĂL§źČĐ'qŇV(ćźËÁ-ęÔWůLýe< ńpem!ÍÜÍýŒ!OefĚCľĂvF~cÇ°čkAýr¨źĄ{  sbrwѝććđ ­Ăb‹ékTƒŽČđœőOą “É'ť‰ĹT„đ˛@ş~i=DiŐmĎY/ţąáwdĐřż­ţÓOţŠŹÚē 0?Š$AźëôŰ+ň 7Ýévő#ĄřÜMôű.ÝSŮ °9óÁĆË썣×,~úĺćk$SŠžÍ‰Ý˝Çҗ¨d÷î˛!9C)Đ h8œ°‰÷ٔźQďĺc2TrFˇ“űT'rŻ’iz^IA–šŃĎOă’ÓŒ “kĹWˇ–^/ړoXxZ˙č~"Ę­ôěƍx˙6Đ;hÚUŮÓ9Ú=Œn Žěůčţ˜ć×Vł'3{éύű¨ m‘w<ĂxĐkČô_ď|óúƒŻ˜â2ÜrűĆ1´‡_}Ü5ÇHfî†Ń‹]Šç{X÷Kăo>Üԇ˙űUĚ?Š˘5IENDŽB`‚čÜé(€ŕŕ€ ňŹ/Č 0ŇŐäˇDArialNew RomantŠtŠ¤ďĄü–É 0ü–ŐˇDWingdingsRomantŠtŠ¤ďĄü–É 0ü–Ő ˇDTimes New RomantŠtŠ¤ďĄü–É 0ü–Ő¤€@˙˙Ľ .Š  @Łn˙ý?" d˙d@˙˙ď˙˙˙˙˙˙  @@``€€ đđp°-N        đ,bđ$˜Ę#^"Şh(¤rŽݛ˙m$ƒ đ0ƒ†AżŔĹA˙ń˙f@ń÷đ8ó€ó€ĐÍş“°öʚ;­”Çʚ;úgţý4YdYdűĄ—É 0š˙˙˙öý˙˙pűppű@ <ý4dddd@—‘w 0tŠ€ďĄ˙ <ý4BdBd@—łx 0tŠˆŽŠ0ş___PPT10‹ pľpľŠNş___PPT9‹0Ž(ŻŹ€˙˙?Ů Ú %đ§óŸ  A BETTER MANAGEMENT OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT : Grenelle de l EnvironnementĄ*I-   Ÿ¨&T&E Seminar Barcelona, April 24th, 08Ş>  óŸ¨FRANCE NATURE ENVIRONNEMENTĄ Ÿ¨fAn NGO dealing with all and every environmental issues More than 3 000 associations throughout France Ąf–gŞ g óŸ¨The French contextĄŞ$Ÿ¨pFrance is a transit country More than 8 500 km of motorways with toll Germany introduced Ť LKW MAUT ť early 2005Ş q óŸ¨ON THE WAY TO EUROVIGNETTEŸ źA reference file on Eurovignette by FNE, The ALSACE case study ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťĄ_’l‡_Ş@A     óŸ¨ A REFERENCE FILE ON EUROVIGNETTEĄ!! Ÿ¨QSupported by french ministers, Managed by FNE, Involving all concerned partnersĄR‡RŞ&   ? óŸ¨ A REFERENCE FILE ON EUROVIGNETTEĄ!! Ÿ ‚The output of the study An expertise handbook about the costs of freight transport in France čđ approved by the ministry A list of proposals čđ towards Eurovignette and some additional incentivesĄ`E6˙fţEd€ŞTŞ ó Ÿ¨ A REFERENCE FILE ON EUROVIGNETTEĄ!! Ÿ The proposals Implementation of Eurovignette Reduction of some taxes (axle tax, & ..) Financial incentive for buying less polluting lorries Ą8}‡˙fţ~Ş0 ~ ó!Ÿ¨The ALSACE case studyĄŞ$ Ÿ¨ˇThe German tax (LKW MAUT) implemented from January 1st, 2005 No tolling system on the motorways in ALSACE A shift of transit lorries from Germany to the neighbouring region : ALSACEŞ ¸ ó"Ÿ¨The ALSACE case studyĄŞ$ Ÿ nRegional NGO request the implementation of a taxation system& . Early 2006, the French law allows a distance base taxation system for lorries in ALSACE The implementation is pending& ..Ş ¸ ó# Ÿ <ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťŸ¨ŽA national debate involving 5 partners : government, regions and large cities, economy, unions and environmental NGOs The Ť climate ť action plan focuses on transport issues Ş Ż ó$ Ÿ <ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťŸ¨ˆŤ A road charging system ť To allow a significant modal shift, Taking into account infrastructure costs Interoperability on an EU basisĄ.n‡˙fţnŞ n ó% Ÿ <ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťŸ "Main parameters All Ť non toll ť motorways and main roads : čđ 6 000 km Distance based, Pollution class and number of axles Any lorry > 3,5 TonsĄT- J˙fţ-€SŞ ’ ó& Ÿ <ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťŸ¨[A road charging system Designed to include external costs To be expanded to all other roadsĄ.E–˙fţEŞ \ ó' Ÿ <ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťŸ¨[A road charging system To be implemented in ALSACE for 2010, In all other regions by 2011Ą.D–˙fţDŞ \ ó(Ÿ <ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťŸ¨kThe pending issues Law to be approved by June 2008 The financial balance should facilitate modal shift !!!!Ą.Y‡˙fţYŞ l ó)Ÿ <ŤGrenelle de l Environnement ťŸ¨}Preparing EU French presidency : Supporting the revision of the Eurovignette directive, Pending decision for fuel taxation.Ą."\‡"˙fţ\Ş ~ ó*Ÿ¨Further informationŞ Ÿ¨SSustainable Mobility and Transport Network Céline GIRAUDEAU transports@fne.asso.frĄZ+ +  ŞH 0 ęřAď  0`đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙`đ ˙˙˙€€˙̙™Ě3f˙Ě`đ f™˙˙˙˙f™˙˙˙3ĚĚf™™Ě˙˙Ě`đ ˙˙˙f™Ě3Ě3˙Ěf3ĚĚf`đ 3f™˙˙˙f˙˙ë™Ě˙™™˙ĚĚ˙ƍ˙`đ ff˙˙˙€€˙˙˙˙ĚfŹ¨ĚĚ3ĚĚ`đ f3˙˙˙˙˙Ě˙˙˙˙™Ě3˙Ě˙̙`đ ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ĚĚ3˙f˙|€Ł>˙ý?" dZ@˙˙ď˙˙˙˙˙˙$Łˆ˙ý?lKdŘ@˙˙ď˙˙˙˙˙˙‚  Ô ‚lĐ@  Pđ`ÂlA€ Łn˙ý?" d˙d@˙˙ď˙˙˙˙˙˙   @@``€€PŁT   @ ` €`ŁpŁ>€Ł>  đ @đđĄ đ( đ đđ.đT đŔŕ đ đˆ"ńżđŔŕđ\đ\ đŕŕ đ đˆ"ńżđŕŕđh đ s đ*…‡żŔ˙"ńżđŕŕđ€ đ ă đ$0e‚˜˛ƒ0e„˜˛…‡ˆ‰ż ôBŔCßDEÁLFÁ>€‚żŔÁÄĹÁĆÁÇČÉĘË5%ĚÍÎĎÁŇÓÔŐÖ×˙ËËË8c8c     ?€‚ƒœ1„…đů†‡÷żŔÁÂdĂÄĹĆÇČÉĘ0uËĐĚ0íě˙Í@T‰Î€Ď€˙˙Đy˙Ń2Ň NÓPĂÔŐ'Öp”×°<˙˙ŘŮ'Úp”˙@A¨)BCD|žE?„…†‡ˆđ˙ŔŔŕ|âbŕ4é"ňöĺ%×>ÎUĹlƒŔšŔßßŕŔ @ŹŹŹŹ­ ­ ­ ŹŹŹŹŹŹ`€c"ń$ž˙˙˙˙Ÿ˙˙˙˙  ĄÁŚ˙˙˙˙żđ ŕßđfđ\ đŕŔŠ đ đˆ"ńżđŕŔŠđn" đ ƒ đ0…‡GżŔ˙"ńżđ€ŕŔ¨đ„r đB ă đT…‡żżŔ˙?ż˙?„†đŕˆŠđí" đ  Ł đ<€Ř%đ‡GHƒżŔ˙ "ńżđŕŕ`°đĂ đ đ[Ÿ¨'Cliquez pour modifier le style du titre˘(Ş (đN đ  “ đ6€°(đżƒżŔ˙ "ńżđĐţúđĂ đ đŸ¨vCliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque Deuxičme niveau Troisičme niveau Quatričme niveau Cinquičme niveau˘4Ş wđ đ   đ`€ü/đ‡żƒż Ŕ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđ`> ‹đĂ đ đ^Ÿ *Ą řŞđ đ   đ`€05đ‡żƒż Ŕ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđ`@a‹đĂ  đ đ^Ÿ *Ą úŞđ đ   đ`€9đ‡żƒż Ŕ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđ\5§đĂ đ đbŸ *Ą ت𐲠đ C đZ€€AÁBLogo France Nature Environnement"ńżđ, HŕđB đ s đ*“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ8Š0ş___PPT10‹ë. íƐďYi şCapsulesî1 ď € 0 Ą đ™ Pđ đ7 đ( đ đđđT đpŕ đ đˆ"ńżđpŕđĆ đ “ đ6€¨Ţđ…‡żŔ˙"ńżđ@ ŕ đJŸĄ 0€€Ş đŇ" đ ł đB€0؍…‡G0*żŔ˙ "ńżđ°pp  đJŸĄ 0€€Ş đrđZ đđ đŃ  đ# đ ˆ"ńżđ đđŃ đn" đB ƒ đ0…‡GżŔ˙"ńżđđ RĐ đ’r đ ă đT…‡żżŔ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđL đŃ đţ đ Ł đ<€Œŕđ‡żƒżŔ˙ "ńżđ4€ `° đĂ đ đlŸ¨8Cliquez pour modifier le style des sous-titres du masque˘9Ş 9đ đ   đ`€@ĺđ‡żƒż Ŕ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđ`> ‹đĂ đ đbŸ *Ą řŞđ đ   đ`€éđ‡żƒż Ŕ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđ`@a‹đĂ  đ đ^Ÿ *Ą úŞđ đ   đ`€¤íđ‡żƒż Ŕ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđ`0˘”đĂ đ đbŸ *Ą ŘŞđ" đ   đf€Üňđ‡żG0*ƒż Ŕ˙?ż˙?„†"ńżđp°đ đĂ đ đ[Ÿ¨'Cliquez pour modifier le style du titre˘(Ş (đB đ s đ*“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ8Š0ş___PPT10‹ë. íƐďYiîď€ 0 *đ" đđşđ( đ đđx đ c đ$€4űđż˙ đp°đ đĂ đ đ žđx đ c đ$€ôýđż˙đ4€ `° đĂ đ đ žđ‚˛ đ C đZ€€AÁBLogo France Nature Environnementđ, HŕđH đ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙€€€ťŕă33™™™™Ěˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië. íĆ€ W+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î}ď € 0 ”đŒ`đđ$đ( đ đđr" đ S đ€ŘJôż˙ đŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđr đ S đ€°Kôż˙ đĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië. íƀ衐+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î}ď € 0 ”đŒ€đ|đ$đ( đ đ|đr" đ| S đ€ Sôż˙ đŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđr đ| S đ€äSôż˙ đĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ| ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČ Ü9ă+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î“ď € 0 Şđ˘pđxđ:đ( đ đxđr" đx S đ€ \ôż˙ đŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđˆ đx S đ€|ađż˙ đĐţúđĂ ô đ"žŚřP@08XđH đx ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČPŠ'â+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î}ď € 0 ”đŒđ€đ$đ( đ đ€đr" đ€ S đ€Hfôż˙ đŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđr đ€ S đ€|kôż˙ đĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ€ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.=ĽČЁĚí+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜ đ„đ0đ( đ đ„đx" đ„ c đ$€xrôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ„ c đ$€Psôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ„ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČ Ü9ă+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜°đˆđ0đ( đ đˆđx" đˆ c đ$€d{ôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đˆ c đ$€Źyôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đˆ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.=ĽČЁĚí+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜ŔđŒđ0đ( đ đŒđx" đŒ c đ$€Ü„ôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đŒ c đ$€8…ôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đŒ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČ Ü9ă+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜Đđđ0đ( đ đđx" đ c đ$€kôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ c đ$€Œ‰ôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.=ĽČЁĚí+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜ŕđ”đ0đ( đ đ”đx" đ” c đ$€\™ôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ” c đ$€ŕ’ôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ” ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČ Ü9ă+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜đđ˜đ0đ( đ đ˜đx" đ˜ c đ$€ šôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ˜ c đ$€äšôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ˜ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.=ĽČЁĚí+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜đœđ0đ( đ đœđx" đœ c đ$€„§ôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đœ c đ$€\Şôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đœ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČ Ü9ă+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜đ đ0đ( đ đ đx" đ  c đ$€ ´ôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ  c đ$€ˇôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ  ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.=ĽČЁĚí+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜ đ¤đ0đ( đ đ¤đx" đ¤ c đ$€h˝ôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ¤ c đ$€@žôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ¤ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČ Ü9ă+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜0đ¨đ0đ( đ đ¨đx" đ¨ c đ$€źÄôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ¨ c đ$€”Ĺôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ¨ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.=ĽČЁĚí+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜@đŹđ0đ( đ đŹđx" đŹ c đ$€_đż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  đ đ žđx đŹ c đ$€`bđż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ đ đ žđH đŹ ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.<ĽČ Ü9ă+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +î‰ď € 0  đ˜Pđ°đ0đ( đ đ°đx" đ° c đ$€dŰôż˙ ˆđŕŕ`°đĂ  ô đ žđx đ° c đ$€ŔŰôż˙ ˆđĐţúđĂ ô đ žđH đ° ƒ đ0ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Ţ˝hż˙ ?đ ˙˙˙3fff™ff3Ě̙̙3f̙˙ˆ‘Š‰ş___PPT10‹ië.=ĽČЁĚí+Dń='ń ô˙˙˙˙=ń @Bń +rXPä-1f;>đ‹CA&FŤH?@ABCDEFţ˙˙˙HIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqţ˙˙˙stuvwxyţ˙˙˙{|}~€ţ˙˙˙ý˙˙˙ý˙˙˙…ţ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙Root Entry˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙d›Oφꪚ)čţ˙˙˙Pictures˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙m$Current User˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙zSummaryInformation(˙˙˙˙G(UPowerPoint Document(˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙űgDocumentSummaryInformation8˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙r˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙